In raising capital for business, following are the three types of capital that a business can generate:-
(A) Equity
(B) Debt
(C) Hybrid
Debt capital can be defined as the capital that a business raises by taking out a loan from bank or any other financial institution while Hybrid capital, often referred to as “hybrids” generally combine both debt and equity characteristics.

In raising capital for business, following are the three types of capital that a business can generate:-
(A) Equity capital
(B) Debt capital
(C) Hybrid capital
In raising capital, Equity capital involves selling shares of stock in exchange for real money. Debt capital can be defined as the capital that a business raises by taking out a loan from bank or any other financial institution while Hybrid capital, often referred to as “hybrids” generally combine both debt and equity capitals.

In raising capital for business, following are the three types of capital that a business can generate:-
(A) Equity capital
(B) Debt capital
(C) Hybrid capital
In raising capital, Debt capital involves taking on debt in exchange for real money.In raising capital, Equity capital involves selling shares of stock in exchange for real money. Debt capital can be defined as the capital that a business raises by taking out a loan from bank or any other financial institution while Hybrid capital, often referred to as “hybrids” generally combine both debt and equity capitals.

Following are correct for debt capital:-
(A) Debt capital is raised by getting a loan from banks so no loss of ownership
(B) In debt capital, heavy interest is to be paid to the financial institution (banks etc)
(C) Debt capital is raised without loss of any share

In raising debt capital, the following are the two types of loans:-
(A) Secure loans are the loans which are issued to borrowers by putting some as the surety.
(B) Unsecured loans are the loans which are issued to borrowers based solely on the borrower’s creditworthiness and promise to repay

Payback period is the time required to recover the initial cost of an investment. It is the number of years it would take to get back the initial investment made for a project. The project with the least number of years usually is selected. The payback period is calculated by dividing the amount of the investment by the annual cash flow.

Economic value added (EVA) is a measure of a company’s financial performance based on the residual wealth calculated by deducting its cost of capital from its operating profit, adjusted for taxes on a cash basis.

Market value added (MVA) is a calculation that shows the difference between the market value of a company and the capital contributed by all investors, both bondholders and shareholders. In other words, it is the sum of all capital claims held against the company plus the market value of debt and equity.

Total shareholder return (TSR) (or simply total return) is a measure of the performance of different companies’ stocks and shares over time. It is calculated by the growth in capital from purchasing a share in the company assuming that the dividends are reinvested each time they are paid.

The effect of a buyback is to reduce the number of outstanding shares on the market, which increases the ownership stake of the stakeholders. A company might buy back shares because it believes the market has discounted its shares too steeply, to invest in itself, or to improve its financial ratios.

The Financial Action Task Force is an independent inter-governmental body or forum that plan, promote and develop policies for protection of the global financial system or markets against terror financing, money laundering and the financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

The financial action task force (FATF) is established for the following purpose:-
(A) Protection of the global financial system against terror financing
(B) Protection of the global financial system against money laundering
(C) Protection of the global financial system the financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction

In 2012, The risk-based approach is adopted by FATF member for the effective implementation of the revised Financial Action Task Force (FATF) International Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Proliferation.

In the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, authority means the Monetary Authority of Singapore and “bank” means a bank licensed under the Banking Act.

The Securities and Futures Act (CAP. 289) governs the regulation of activities and institutions in the securities and derivatives industry, including leveraged foreign exchange trading of financial benchmarks and of clearing facilities.

The act securities and futures act (CAP 289) governs the regulation of activities and institutions in the securities and derivatives industry, including leveraged foreign exchange trading of financial benchmarks and of clearing facilities.

MAS issued guidelines to strengthen the accountability of senior managers in key functions in financial institutions (FIs) and to promote ethical behavior in FIs. The guidelines were accompanied by an information paper on good practices in these areas.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issued guidelines to strengthen the accountability of senior managers in key functions in financial institutions (FIs) and to promote ethical behaviour in FIs. The guidelines were accompanied by an information paper on good practices in these areas.

In the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, “board” means the board of directors of the Authority and “Authority” means the Monetary Authority of Singapore established under section 3.

In the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, “money market operations” means any transaction undertaken by the Authority as the central bank to manage liquidity in the banking system.

Monetary Authority of Singapore shall have a common seal and the seal may, from time to time, be broken, changed, altered and made anew as to the Authority seems fit, and, until a seal is provided under this section, a stamp bearing the inscription “The Monetary Authority of Singapore” may be used as the common seal.

All deeds, documents and other instruments requiring the seal of the Authority shall be sealed with the common seal of the Authority, by the authority of the Authority, in the presence of the managing director and of some other person duly authorised by the Authority to act in that behalf and shall be signed by the managing director and by such duly authorised person.

The managing director may, subject to such terms and conditions as the managing director thinks fit, appoint an officer of the Authority who holds the appointment of deputy managing director or its equivalent, to exercise the power and perform the duty of the managing director under subsection (3), and that officer must exercise that power and perform that duty under the direction and control of the managing director.

In the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, to avoid doubt, the managing director:-
(a) Remains responsible for the exercise of the power, and the performance of the duty, by the deputy managing director (or equivalent) delegated under subsection (3A); and
(b) May continue to exercise the power and perform the duty, despite the delegation under subsection (3A)

The objectives of the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act are as follows:-
(A) To maintain price stability conducive to the sustainable growth of the economy
(B) To foster a sound and reputable financial centre and to promote financial stability
(C) To ensure prudent and effective management of the official foreign reserves of Singapore
(D) To grow Singapore as an internationally competitive financial centre

According to the FATF, Over-the-counter (OTC) refers to the process of how securities are traded for companies not listed on a formal exchange. Securities that are traded over-the-counter are traded via a dealer network as opposed to on a centralised exchange.

The functions of the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act are as follows:-
(A) To act as the central bank of Singapore, conduct monetary policy, issue currency, oversee payment systems and serve as banker to and financial agent of the Government
(B) To conduct integrated supervision of the financial services sector and financial stability surveillance
(C) To manage the official foreign reserves of Singapore
(D) To develop Singapore as an international financial centre

According to the FATF, which of the following identify, assess, and understand the money laundering and terrorist financing risk in a risk-based approach:-
(A) The Countries
(B) The Banks
(C) The Competent authorities

According to the FATF, Peer to Peer (P2P) is a network of personal computers, each of which acts as both client and sever, so that each can exchange files and email directly with every other computer on the network.

According to the FATF, Peer to Peer (P2P) is a network of personal computers, each of which acts as both client and sever, so that each can exchange files and email directly with every other computer on the network. A peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture consists of a decentralised network of peers or nodes that are both clients and servers. P2P networks distribute the workload between peers, and all peers contribute and consume resources within the network without the need for a centralised server.