SCI · 30 key concepts

30 Key Concepts for the ADGIRM Programme: A Practical Study Guide to Claims Management, Risk Management and Business Economics

CMFASExam · Reviewed · 19 min read

This study guide supports candidates preparing for the Advanced Diploma in General Insurance and Risk Management (ADGIRM), a self-study professional programme developed and awarded by the Singapore College of Insurance (SCI). The ADGIRM is not a single exam but a programme of seven modules. This guide focuses on the three Advanced Diploma modules: ADGI05 Claims Management, ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance, and ADGI07 Business and Economics. It is written for supervisors, team leaders, aspiring managers, support-function staff, and practitioners using the programme as a pathway towards CII recognition. Each concept explains the underlying mechanism, gives an original worked example, and flags a common mistake. Three self-check scenarios with explained answers test application, and a staged revision plan turns the roughly 150 recommended study hours per module into a workable routine. Always verify current details directly with SCI, as schedules, editions and policies change.

Exam and assessment essentials

Programme structure
ADGIRM is a self-study programme of seven modules (DGI01-DGI04 plus ADGI05, ADGI06, ADGI07); the Advanced Diploma certificate is issued only after all modules are passed[1][2]
Format or assessment
Each module is a 3-hour computer-screen examination held at SCI unless otherwise advised; answers are typed directly onto an answer script on screen[2]
Paper structure
For ADGI05, ADGI06 and ADGI07: Part I has 1 compulsory question carrying 80 marks and Part II has 2 compulsory questions carrying 80 marks in total. Each advanced-stage paper totals 160 marks. These figures do not describe the DGI01 to DGI04 foundation papers.[2]
Pass and distinction
Pass mark is 80 of 160 marks (50%); distinction is 136 of 160 marks (85%)[2]
Attempts and sequencing
Modules may be taken in any order, though SCI recommends sequential order; no limit on attempts subject to the schedule and completion period, and unlimited complimentary retakes were announced effective 26 May 2026[2]
Completion window
Seven consecutive years (84 months) from the first registered examination date to pass all seven modules; the candidate, not SCI, must monitor this window[2]
Recommended preparation
SCI recommends at least 150 study hours per Advanced Diploma module, varying with experience; candidates must use the current study text editions stated by SCI[2]

What the syllabus covers

This study map groups the official scope into revision themes. It is not an official chapter list or a prediction of question weightings.

ADGI05 Claims Management: claims strategy, environment and operations management

Explain how the claims function is organised, resourced and governed within an insurer, and how strategy links claims handling quality to retention, cost control and regulatory standing[2]

ADGI05: claims service excellence, internal communications and effective handling principles

Apply sound claims handling practice: prompt acknowledgment, investigation, documentation, escalation across departments and consistent customer communication[2]

ADGI05: technical aspects, policy applications and key financial considerations in claims

Analyse coverage under policy terms and explain financial mechanics such as reserving and claims cost control[2]

ADGI05: MAS Guidelines on Fair Dealing and fraud prevention

Relate fair dealing expectations to claims, complaints and retention, and describe the role of the GIA Fraud Management System and its Swift collaboration against travel insurance fraud[2]

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance: principles and application in insurance organisations

Explain how insurers and brokers apply the risk management process to their own operations, not only to client risks[2]

ADGI06: risk identification, prioritisation, assessment and analysis

Use identification techniques, frequency-severity prioritisation and qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate risks[2]

ADGI06: risk control, risk transfer, and risk monitoring and review

Select and justify treatment techniques, distinguish prevention from reduction, explain transfer and retention, and design monitoring cycles[2]

ADGI07 Business and Economics: economic principles in the global and Singapore economies

Explain demand and supply, competition, unemployment, inflation, monetary and fiscal policy, balance of payments and exchange rates, and apply them to insurance[2]

ADGI07: business issues including ethics, corporate governance, financing and management accounting

Discuss governance standards such as the MAS Code of Corporate Governance, ethical conduct, and how insurance businesses are financed and managed financially[2]

ADGI07: behavioural economics, InsurTech for fraud detection and recent economic context

Explain how behavioural biases affect insurance decisions, how technology detects fraud, and how events such as the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated economic interconnection[2]

30 key concepts to understand

  1. Claims strategy and operations management
  2. The claims environment and its stakeholders
  3. Internal communications across the claims organisation
  4. Principles of effective claims handling
  5. Coverage analysis and policy application
  6. Claims reserving and financial considerations
  7. MAS Guidelines on Fair Dealing applied to claims
  8. Complaints handling, service excellence and retention
  9. Fraud management and the GIA Fraud Management System
  10. The risk management process as a continuous cycle
  11. Risk identification techniques
  12. Risk prioritisation using frequency and severity
  13. Qualitative and quantitative risk analysis
  14. Loss prevention versus loss reduction
  15. Risk transfer through insurance and contracts
  16. Risk retention and retention vehicles
  17. Risk monitoring and review
  18. Risk management inside insurers and brokers
  19. Demand and supply applied to insurance markets
  20. Competition and market structures
  21. Inflation and its impact on claims and pricing
  22. Monetary policy and its relevance to insurers
  23. Fiscal policy and the insurance sector
  24. Unemployment and labour market dynamics
  25. Balance of payments in an open economy
  26. Exchange rates and insurer currency exposure
  27. Behavioural economics in insurance decisions
  28. Corporate governance, ethics and the MAS Code of Corporate Governance
  29. InsurTech and data analytics for fraud detection
  30. Financing and management accounting in insurance businesses

ADGI05 Claims Management

1. Claims strategy and operations management

The claims function delivers the insurer's core promise, so strategy must align staffing, settlement authority levels, workflow design and technology with service and cost objectives. Operations management turns that strategy into daily practice: allocating cases, setting authority limits, and measuring turnaround and quality. Viewing claims only as a cost centre understates its role in customer retention and pricing feedback.[2]

Apply it: An insurer sets tiered settlement authority: junior adjusters may settle motor claims up to a hypothetical S$5,000, senior adjusters above that, so routine claims move quickly while complex cases receive experienced attention.

Common mistake: Concentrating every settlement decision with senior managers, which creates bottlenecks and damages service levels without improving accuracy.

ADGI05 Claims Management

2. The claims environment and its stakeholders

Claims does not operate in isolation. Internal stakeholders include underwriting, actuarial, finance and compliance; external stakeholders include regulators, the General Insurance Association, reinsurers, loss adjusters, repairers, intermediaries and fraudsters. A claims manager must understand how each stakeholder shapes standards, information flows and constraints on handling decisions.[2]

Apply it: Before redesigning its liability claims process, a claims manager maps the parties involved: reinsurer reporting requirements, panel lawyer instruction rules and MAS conduct expectations, then designs the workflow around all of them.

Common mistake: Assuming claims performance is judged only on speed and cost, ignoring regulatory conduct expectations and reinsurer obligations.

ADGI05 Claims Management

3. Internal communications across the claims organisation

Effective claims management depends on structured communication between claims staff and with other departments. Escalation protocols determine when a case moves to specialists, and claims insights feed back to underwriting and product teams. Poor internal communication causes inconsistent decisions, duplicated work and lost learning from claims experience.[2]

Apply it: A claims handler notices several disputes arising from an ambiguous flood exclusion wording, escalates the pattern to the claims manager, who informs underwriting; the wording is clarified at the next product review.

Common mistake: Escalating problems verbally without documentation, so the insight is lost when staff change and the same issue recurs.

ADGI05 Claims Management

4. Principles of effective claims handling

Sound handling follows a disciplined sequence: acknowledge the claim promptly, investigate proportionately to its value and complexity, apply policy terms consistently, keep the claimant informed, and document every decision and its reasoning. Consistency and evidence protect both the customer and the insurer, and support early, fair settlement of genuine claims.[2]

Apply it: For a shop fire claim, the adjuster acknowledges within the promised timeframe, inspects the premises, obtains the fire report, keeps the owner updated weekly, and records why each element of the loss is accepted or queried.

Common mistake: Delaying a decision in the hope the claimant gives up, which is both poor service and inconsistent with fair dealing expectations.

ADGI05 Claims Management

5. Coverage analysis and policy application

Technical claims work requires reading the policy as a whole: the insuring clause defines what is covered, exclusions carve it back, conditions impose duties on the insured, and limits and deductibles cap or share the payment. The adjuster must establish that the facts trigger coverage before considering whether an exclusion properly applies to those facts.[2]

Apply it: A water damage claim to a stock room is assessed by first confirming a sudden pipe burst is an insured peril, then checking that the gradual deterioration exclusion, which addresses slow leaks, does not apply to this sudden event.

Common mistake: Denying a claim by citing an exclusion without first confirming the factual elements the exclusion requires are actually present.

ADGI05 Claims Management

6. Claims reserving and financial considerations

Insurers set case reserves for known claims and hold additional reserves, often called IBNR, for claims that have occurred but are not yet reported or fully developed. Reserve adequacy drives reported profit, solvency and future pricing, so adjusters must review reserves as new information arrives rather than treating them as one-off estimates.[2]

Apply it: An adjuster sets a case reserve of a hypothetical S$30,000 on an injury claim; the actuarial team separately holds IBNR for late-reported claims, and the adjuster revises the case reserve upward after new medical evidence.

Common mistake: Confusing case reserves with IBNR, or treating a reserve as a prediction of the exact final settlement figure rather than a best current estimate.

ADGI05 Claims Management

7. MAS Guidelines on Fair Dealing applied to claims

The Monetary Authority of Singapore's Fair Dealing Guidelines place responsibility on boards and senior management to deliver fair dealing outcomes: clear information, suitable advice, competent service and proper complaints handling. In claims, this means transparent reasons for decisions, no tactics that disadvantage customers, and board-level ownership of customer outcomes rather than delegating conduct to front-line staff alone.[2]

Apply it: A claims director reports quarterly to the board on complaint root causes, average settlement times and declined-claim reasons, evidencing that management owns fair dealing outcomes for claims customers.

Common mistake: Treating fair dealing as a marketing or compliance paperwork exercise rather than an outcome that claims decisions must actually produce.

ADGI05 Claims Management

8. Complaints handling, service excellence and retention

Claims is typically the moment the policy promise is tested, so service quality strongly influences renewal. Complaints should be resolved fairly and promptly, and also analysed for root causes: recurring complaints about a slow document process point to a fixable operational defect, not merely individual incidents. Excellent service recovery often preserves a relationship that the original loss damaged.[2]

Apply it: An insurer's complaint analysis shows the top root cause is delay in requesting documents; it redesigns the process to request everything at first contact, and complaint volumes fall in the following quarter.

Common mistake: Settling each complaint individually without recording root causes, so systemic defects continue generating the same complaints.

ADGI05 Claims Management

9. Fraud management and the GIA Fraud Management System

Fraud raises costs for honest policyholders, so the industry combats it collectively. The General Insurance Association's Fraud Management System supports industry efforts against fraudulent claims, and its collaboration with Swift targets cross-industry travel insurance fraud, where the same loss may be claimed from several sources. Handlers must distinguish genuine errors from fraud indicators and act on evidence, not suspicion alone.[2]

Apply it: Cross-industry data matching flags a traveller who claimed for the same lost camera under two different insurers' travel policies; the flag prompts investigation rather than automatic payment.

Common mistake: Treating every discrepancy as fraud; a misstatement may be an honest error, and allegations require documented evidence.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

10. The risk management process as a continuous cycle

Risk management is a repeating cycle: establish context, identify risks, analyse and assess them, treat them through control, transfer or retention, then monitor and review. Because the business environment and risk landscape change, the cycle never truly ends; a risk assessment that was accurate last year may be obsolete after a new product, system or regulation is introduced.[2]

Apply it: A broker runs an annual risk cycle for a manufacturing client: refresh the risk register, re-score each risk, confirm insurance placements still match the profile, and report changes to the client's board.

Common mistake: Treating risk management as a one-off compliance document produced once and never revisited as circumstances change.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

11. Risk identification techniques

Identification tools include physical inspections, checklists, process flowcharts, incident and claims data analysis, interviews with staff, and scenario workshops. Each technique has blind spots, so combining methods reduces the chance of missing a material exposure. Historical data reveals what has happened; forward-looking techniques such as scenario analysis address what could happen.[2]

Apply it: An insurer studying its own IT risk combines a change-management flowchart review with an analysis of past system outage incidents, revealing that most failures follow rushed deployments at period end.

Common mistake: Relying on a single technique, such as a generic checklist, and assuming that what the checklist omits does not exist.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

12. Risk prioritisation using frequency and severity

Not all identified risks deserve equal attention. Prioritisation typically plots estimated frequency against estimated severity: high-severity risks demand treatment even if rare, while high-frequency low-severity risks are managed through everyday controls. The aim is to direct finite resources to risks capable of causing material harm to objectives, solvency or reputation.[2]

Apply it: A risk manager ranks a rare but catastrophic warehouse fire above frequent minor slip-and-fall incidents for senior management attention, while delegating routine housekeeping controls to operations staff.

Common mistake: Ranking risks by frequency alone, which pushes a catastrophic but rare exposure down the list where it is left untreated.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

13. Qualitative and quantitative risk analysis

Qualitative analysis scores risks descriptively, for example on high, medium and low scales, which is fast but subjective. Quantitative analysis estimates numbers, such as probability distributions and loss amounts, giving a firmer basis for decisions like retention levels and premium adequacy. Expected annual loss can be approximated as estimated frequency multiplied by estimated severity, but it conceals the range of possible outcomes.[2]

Apply it: A risk with a hypothetical 2% annual chance of a S$500,000 loss has an expected annual loss of S$10,000, which helps benchmark premiums, yet the manager also reviews the severity tail before deciding how much to retain.

Common mistake: Equating expected loss with worst-case loss; a low average can hide a severity that the organisation could not absorb.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

14. Loss prevention versus loss reduction

Risk control splits into two distinct mechanisms. Loss prevention reduces the frequency of losses by stopping causes, such as training and maintenance that prevent fires from starting. Loss reduction reduces the severity of losses that still occur, such as sprinklers limiting fire spread or backup systems limiting outage duration. A complete control programme usually combines both.[2]

Apply it: A warehouse installs hot-work permit procedures to prevent fires from starting, and sprinklers plus compartmentation to limit damage if one starts anyway.

Common mistake: Describing controls as eliminating risk; controls reduce frequency or severity, but residual risk always remains.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

15. Risk transfer through insurance and contracts

Transfer shifts the financial burden of a risk to another party, most obviously by buying insurance, or contractually through indemnity clauses and hold-harmless agreements. Transfer is conditional: it depends on the contract's wording, the counterparty's ability to pay, and legal enforceability. Transferring a risk does not automatically transfer reputational consequences or every legal duty.[2]

Apply it: A main contractor's subcontract requires the subcontractor to insure and indemnify the contractor for losses arising from the subcontractor's own work, transferring much of that exposure contractually.

Common mistake: Assuming a transfer clause removes all responsibility regardless of wording or enforceability; poorly drafted clauses can fail when tested.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

16. Risk retention and retention vehicles

Retention means the organisation bears part or all of a loss, through deductibles, self-insurance, or captive insurance companies. Deliberate retention suits high-frequency, low-severity risks where buying insurance is uneconomical; the danger is inadvertent retention, where a gap in coverage leaves a material exposure unfinanced without a conscious decision.[2]

Apply it: An insurer keeps small attritional claims within a retention level it can predict and budget for, while buying reinsurance for the catastrophe layer above that level.

Common mistake: Discovering after a loss that a coverage gap silently retained a large exposure that was never consciously accepted or funded.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

17. Risk monitoring and review

Treatment is incomplete without verification that controls still work. Monitoring uses indicators such as incident rates, control self-assessments, audit findings and near-miss data, while review reassesses the risk register when triggers occur, such as new products, systems, regulation or market events. Controls decay over time without ownership and testing.[2]

Apply it: After deploying a new fraud screening rule, the insurer tracks its false-positive rate monthly and re-tunes it when legitimate claims are being delayed disproportionately.

Common mistake: Installing controls and never testing them, so a control that looks good on paper has quietly stopped functioning.

ADGI06 Risk Management in Insurance

18. Risk management inside insurers and brokers

The module applies risk management to insurance organisations themselves. Insurers face underwriting, reserving, operational, credit and regulatory risks; brokers face professional indemnity exposure from their advice, client money handling and conflicts of interest. The same identify-assess-treat-monitor toolkit applies, but the risk profiles of an insurer and a broker differ substantially.[2]

Apply it: A brokerage reduces its professional indemnity exposure by requiring documented needs analysis and a second review of advice for large placements before submission to insurers.

Common mistake: Studying risk management as if it applies only to clients' risks, ignoring the firm's own operational and professional exposures.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

19. Demand and supply applied to insurance markets

Demand for insurance depends on price, income, risk perception and substitutes; supply depends on insurer capacity, capital and cost structures. A movement along a demand curve is caused by a price change, whereas a shift of the whole curve reflects a non-price factor such as a major loss event raising risk awareness. Market cycles of hard and soft pricing reflect these forces.[2]

Apply it: After several large catastrophe years, reinsurer capacity contracts: the supply curve shifts left, premiums rise, and buyers who can self-insure some risks do so instead.

Common mistake: Confusing a movement along a curve caused by a price change with a shift of the curve caused by a non-price factor.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

20. Competition and market structures

Market structures range from near-perfect competition, where many sellers take the market price, to oligopoly, where a few large firms interact strategically, to monopoly. General insurance markets often show oligopolistic features in concentrated lines, which affects pricing behaviour, product differentiation and the intensity of rivalry that insurers must plan for.[2]

Apply it: In a motor market with a handful of large players, competitors observe the market leader's rate change before deciding whether to follow, because matching too early could trigger a price war.

Common mistake: Assuming an insurer can raise prices freely; in a competitive market, significant increases shift customers to rivals unless service or product justifies them.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

21. Inflation and its impact on claims and pricing

Inflation is a sustained rise in the general price level, driven by excess demand or rising input costs. For insurers, claims inflation is critical: repair, medical and construction costs rise over the period between pricing a policy and paying claims, so premiums based on unadjusted historical claims become progressively inadequate.[2]

Apply it: If hypothetical repair cost inflation runs at 4% annually while premiums stay flat, a claim costing S$10,000 today costs about S$10,400 next year, steadily eroding the loss ratio unless pricing adjusts.

Common mistake: Pricing from historical claims data without trending those claims to current cost levels, systematically understating future claims cost.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

22. Monetary policy and its relevance to insurers

Monetary policy concerns central bank management of money and credit conditions, typically through interest rates, to influence inflation and economic activity; in Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore operates monetary policy with the exchange rate as its principal instrument. For insurers, interest rate and currency conditions affect investment returns, discounting of long-tail liabilities and the value of foreign-currency exposures.[2]

Apply it: A sustained lower-yield environment reduces the return on an insurer's bond portfolio, pressuring overall profitability and increasing reliance on underwriting discipline.

Common mistake: Assuming monetary policy affects only borrowers and banks; it also moves insurers' investment income, asset values and currency exposures.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

23. Fiscal policy and the insurance sector

Fiscal policy is the government's use of spending and taxation to influence the economy. It touches insurance directly through taxes and levies embedded in premium costs, indirectly through how stimulus or austerity changes business activity, construction and vehicle use, which drive demand for cover. Distinguishing fiscal from monetary policy is a basic but commonly confused point.[2]

Apply it: If a hypothetical new levy is added to general insurance premiums, the effective price of cover rises, and price-sensitive customers may reduce coverage levels or sums insured.

Common mistake: Mixing up fiscal policy, which is government budgets and taxation, with monetary policy, which is central bank management of money and credit conditions.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

24. Unemployment and labour market dynamics

Unemployment has distinct types: frictional, from people between jobs; structural, from mismatch between skills and available roles; and cyclical, from weak demand in downturns. For insurers, labour conditions affect demand for covers such as motor, travel and workers' compensation, and affect the sector's own ability to attract and retain skilled staff, a theme in Singapore's labour dynamics.[2]

Apply it: In a hypothetical downturn, cyclical unemployment reduces new car sales and hence new motor policies, while retrenchment also slows small-business formation and commercial cover demand.

Common mistake: Treating all unemployment as cyclical; structural skill mismatch persists even in strong economies and requires different remedies.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

25. Balance of payments in an open economy

The balance of payments records all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world, principally the current account covering trade and income flows, and the capital and financial account covering investment flows. For Singapore's highly open economy, cross-border trade and services flows, including insurance and reinsurance transactions, link domestic conditions to global ones.[2]

Apply it: A surge in imported machinery widens the goods trade deficit in a given period, increasing foreign currency demand and enlarging cross-border insurance and reinsurance activity tied to those imports.

Common mistake: Equating the trade balance with the entire balance of payments; the BOP also includes services, income and capital flows.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

26. Exchange rates and insurer currency exposure

An exchange rate is the price of one currency in another. Depreciation of the home currency makes foreign-currency obligations more expensive in home-currency terms; appreciation makes them cheaper. Insurers acquire currency exposure through foreign-currency claims, reinsurance recoveries and offshore investments, so currency movements can move results even when underwriting is sound.[2]

Apply it: If the SGD weakens against the USD, the SGD cost of USD-denominated reinsurance recoveries payable on a marine claim rises, squeezing the account's profit unless the exposure was hedged or matched.

Common mistake: Assuming currency risk matters only to traders; insurers carry it through claims, reinsurance and investment portfolios.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

27. Behavioural economics in insurance decisions

Behavioural economics shows people deviate systematically from full rationality: present bias favours immediate savings over distant protection, loss aversion makes losses feel larger than equivalent gains, and overconfidence leads to underestimating probabilities. These biases explain chronic underinsurance and low uptake of low-probability, high-severity covers, and should inform product and disclosure design.[2]

Apply it: A customer declines business interruption cover because the hypothetical premium of S$1,200 feels certain and immediate, while a fire that may never happen feels remote, an example of present bias and probability weighting.

Common mistake: Assuming customers weigh probabilities accurately; effective practice designs around known biases instead of blaming customers for them.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

28. Corporate governance, ethics and the MAS Code of Corporate Governance

Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled: board composition and independence, accountability, remuneration discipline, and management of conflicts of interest. The MAS Code of Corporate Governance sets expectations for Singapore-incorporated financial institutions, and ethical culture determines behaviour in the many insurance decisions that rules alone cannot fully police.[2]

Apply it: A board committee reviews a case where an underwriting manager also advises a brokerage, assessing the conflict and requiring recusal from decisions affecting that brokerage's submissions.

Common mistake: Treating governance as box-ticking compliance documents, while actual outcomes depend on culture and how conflicts are handled in practice.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

29. InsurTech and data analytics for fraud detection

Technology reshapes fraud detection: analytics and machine learning screen claims data for anomalous patterns, such as repeated device usage, implausible timing or links between seemingly unrelated claimants, at a scale manual review cannot match. Human judgement remains essential to investigate flags, since models produce indicators that require verification and can misfire.[2]

Apply it: An anomaly model notices that a cluster of travel claims all list the same police report reference number across different policies; investigators review the cluster and confirm a staged-loss ring.

Common mistake: Treating a model flag as proof of fraud; analytics prioritise suspicion for human investigation but cannot replace evidential verification.

ADGI07 Business and Economics

30. Financing and management accounting in insurance businesses

Insurance businesses are financed by shareholder capital, retained earnings and, for insurers, policyholder funds held against liabilities. Management accounting supports internal decisions through budgeting, cost classification between fixed and variable costs, and variance analysis comparing actual performance to plan. These tools let managers see which functions, products and claims processes are economically efficient.[2]

Apply it: A quarterly variance report shows claims handling costs running 12% above budget in a hypothetical figure; the manager traces it to higher-than-planned loss adjuster fees on weather claims.

Common mistake: Treating all operating costs as fixed; misclassifying costs distorts budgeting and hides which activities genuinely drive expense changes.

How to revise for ADGIRM

  1. 1. Stage 1: Confirm editions, requirements and logistics with SCI

    Before studying, verify with SCI the current study text edition for your module, the exam dates, registration window (which opens three months and closes one week before each sitting) and your remaining time in the 84-month completion window. Sign the Advisory Note and Student Contract before your first module registration, and diarise your own completion deadline, since SCI does not send reminders.

  2. 2. Stage 2: Build a module map and realistic schedule

    SCI recommends at least 150 study hours per module. Spread this over your available weeks, for example 10 hours a week over 15 weeks, allocating extra time to your weakest of the three domains: claims operations, risk management process, or economics. Sequence your modules in the recommended order where feasible, since each advanced module builds on diploma-level foundations.

  3. 3. Stage 3: Study actively with frameworks, not highlighting

    For each chapter, close the text and reproduce the framework from memory: the claims handling sequence, the risk management cycle, the frequency-severity matrix, and the macroeconomic variables. For economics topics, practise one-sentence causal chains, such as how depreciation raises foreign-currency claim costs. Writing mechanisms in your own words is what written, typed exams reward.

  4. 4. Stage 4: Practise typed, timed answers against the mark structure

    Both parts of the paper are compulsory and worth 80 marks each, 160 in three hours, which is roughly one minute per mark with time to read and plan. Practise typing structured answers: state the principle, apply it to the facts, and conclude. Use the eMock papers released with your paid registration and target full-length timed sittings in the final month.

  5. 5. Stage 5: Anchor learning in the Singapore regulatory context

    Weave MAS Fair Dealing expectations, fraud prevention via the GIA Fraud Management System and the MAS Code of Corporate Governance into your claims and economics answers, since the study texts integrate these updates explicitly. Being able to connect a general principle, such as complaints handling or governance, to its Singapore regulatory expression distinguishes a strong written answer.

  6. 6. Stage 6: Prepare the final week and the exam-day mechanics

    In the last week, review your own error log rather than re-reading everything, and re-drill reserving arithmetic, expected-loss calculations and currency effects. Confirm the computer-screen format, arrive early to SCI, and know the rescheduling rules in case of emergency: valid-reason absences require documented evidence submitted within three working days. After each sitting, record question themes you found hard to inform your next attempt or module.

Test your understanding

These original learning scenarios are for revision; they are not official examination questions.

1. A claims officer is slow-walking a straightforward motor claim, missing the insurer's own acknowledged turnaround standard, partly hoping the policyholder will stop chasing and accept a low settlement. Identify the conduct expectations at issue and explain what proper handling requires.

Show answer and explanation

This conflicts with fair dealing expectations, which the MAS Guidelines place under board and senior management responsibility: customers should receive prompt, fair claims outcomes and no tactics that wear them down. Proper handling requires timely investigation, clear documented reasons for any genuine delay, consistent application of policy terms, and honest communication. Systematic delay tactics invite complaints, regulatory scrutiny and reputational damage, and undermine the trust that justifies the insurance promise.[2]

2. A manufacturer faces a warehouse fire risk with a hypothetical 0.5% annual probability and an estimated S$4 million loss, giving an expected annual loss of S$20,000. Management proposes to retain the risk entirely because S$20,000 looks affordable. Evaluate this decision.

Show answer and explanation

The decision confuses expected loss with severity. S$20,000 is only an average; the actual outcome is a 0.5% chance of losing S$4 million in a single event, which could threaten the firm's continuity. High-severity risks should normally be transferred through insurance even when rare, with prevention measures such as hot-work controls and reduction measures such as sprinklers complementing the cover. Full retention of a catastrophic exposure is imprudent despite the attractive expected value.[2]

3. A Singapore insurer writes marine cargo business with USD-denominated reinsurance recoveries, and the SGD depreciates sharply against the USD between pricing and settlement. Explain the financial effect and a sensible mitigation.

Show answer and explanation

Depreciation means each SGD buys fewer USD, so the SGD cost of USD-denominated recoveries and any USD-linked claim obligations rises, eroding the account's profitability even if underwriting performed as priced. Mitigation includes matching foreign-currency assets to foreign-currency liabilities so movements offset, or using hedging instruments where matching is impractical. The core point is that exchange rate movement is a genuine insurer exposure, not only a trader's concern.[2]

Frequently asked questions

Is the ADGIRM a single exam?

No. The ADGIRM is a self-study programme of seven modules awarded by SCI: four Diploma modules (DGI01 to DGI04) and three Advanced Diploma modules (ADGI05, ADGI06, ADGI07). The Advanced Diploma certificate is issued only when all modules are passed within the completion window, and the DGIRM forms part of the ADGIRM.[1][2]

What are the pass mark and distinction threshold for each ADGIRM module?

Each module paper totals 160 marks across two compulsory parts of 80 marks each, examined over three hours on computer. The pass mark is 80 of 160 (50%) and distinction is 136 of 160 (85%). Because both parts are compulsory, you must prepare the full syllabus rather than selected topics.[2]

What happens if I fail a module, and how many attempts do I get?

There is no limit on the number of attempts per module, subject to the published schedule and the overall completion period, and SCI announced unlimited complimentary retakes effective 26 May 2026. You must still register and sit within the published dates, and everything counts against the 84-month window from your first registered examination date, so plan retakes deliberately rather than casually.[2]

Does completing the ADGIRM give me a licence or the ACII designation?

No. Completing all seven modules within the timeframe makes you eligible to use the designation Adv Dip SCI (GI & RM), subject to ongoing CPD requirements. The ADGIRM is not a licence to practise. CII recognition of prior learning can provide exemptions towards CII qualifications, but pursuing ACII requires applying directly to the CII, accumulating the relevant credits and meeting the CII's own completion requirements.[1][2]

How should I plan the three advanced modules alongside my work commitments?

You may register for a maximum of two modules at a time, and SCI recommends taking modules sequentially. Budget at least 150 recommended study hours per module, which realistically means focusing on one module at a time for most working candidates. Note the qualification window: passes older than 84 months from your first registered exam date become outdated and no longer count towards the award.[2]

Official sources and review notes

Public IBF and SCI sources were checked on 16 September 2026 for syllabus scope and assessment details, with additional primary references where listed. References identify the relevant syllabus or subject source; explanations and examples are original teaching material. This guide selects important concepts and does not replace the full official study text. Confirm the applicable edition and any updates with the administrator before your assessment.

  1. [1]Advanced Diploma in General Insurance and Risk Management || SCI
  2. [2]ADGIN_brochure.pdf
  3. [3]SCI: regulatory study-text update notice (July 2026)
  4. [4]SCI: professional and financial-planning study-text notice